The presence of sulfonamide antibiotics in aquatic environments poses potential risks to human health and ecosystems. Adsorp Sci Technol 22:119–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.064, Pallarés J, González-Cencerrado A, Arauzo I (2018) Production and characterization of activated carbon from barley straw by physical activation with carbon dioxide and steam. Desalination 276:148–153. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 67:532–537. preparation of activated carbon, the so-called physical or thermal and chemical activation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.07.049, Hameed B, Tan I, Ahmad A (2009) Preparation of oil palm empty fruit bunch-based activated carbon for removal of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol: optimization using response surface methodology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2010.11.049, Dural MU, Cavas L, Papageorgiou SK, Katsaros FK (2011) Methylene blue adsorption on activated carbon prepared from Posidonia oceanica (L.) dead leaves: kinetics and equilibrium studies. https://doi.org/10.1260/026361704323150908, Acosta R, Fierro V, De Yuso AM et al (2016) Tetracycline adsorption onto activated carbons produced by KOH activation of tyre pyrolysis char. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2010.08.006, Attia AA, Girgis BS, Fathy NA (2008) Removal of methylene blue by carbons derived from peach stones by H3PO4 activation: batch and column studies. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.076, Ros A, Lillo-Ródenas M, Fuente E et al (2006) High surface area materials prepared from sewage sludge-based precursors. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0812-x, Mouni L, Merabet D, Bouzaza A, Belkhiri L (2011) Adsorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions using activated carbon developed from Apricot stone. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B12a0225, Gao Y, Yue Q, Gao B et al (2013b) Preparation of high surface area-activated carbon from lignin of papermaking black liquor by KOH activation for Ni (II) adsorption. Chem Eng J 288:778–788. Appl Surf Sci 256:3309–3315. Chem Eng Res Des 89:335–340. Activated carbon could be prepared through the direct acti- vation of dry raw precursor or through a two-stag e process including initial carbonisation and then activation. https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2015-0051, Huang F-C, Lee C-K, Han Y-L et al (2014) Preparation of activated carbon using micro-nano carbon spheres through chemical activation. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 94:131–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.055, Shamsuddin M, Yusoff N, Sulaiman M (2016) Synthesis and characterization of activated carbon produced from kenaf core fiber using H3PO4 activation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.10.099, Belala Z, Jeguirim M, Belhachemi M et al (2011) Biosorption of copper from aqueous solutions by date stones and palm-trees waste. The majority of the samples showed strongly microporous structure and acidic surface. The equilibrium adsorption isotherms for MB were fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the morphology and the sphere sizes of SC, which showed average diameter of 2.86μm. https://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2015.16.4.275, Ibrahim T, Moctar BL, Tomkouani K et al (2014) Kinetics of the adsorption of anionic and cationic dyes in aqueous solution by low-cost activated carbons prepared from sea cake and cotton cake. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters revealed the spontaneity of AMX adsorption (ΔG°=-1.915kJmol-1 at 298K) and its endothermic characteristic (ΔH°=21.33kJmol-1), evidencing the high-efficiency of AC-GS for AMX adsorption and its great potential for organic pollutants removal. Chem Eng J 203:348–356. The preparation of activated carbons (AC-(NH4) x H y PO4) from Iris tectorum (IT) with three kinds of ammonium phosphates ((NH4)2HPO4, NH4H2PO4 and (NH4)3PO4) activation was investigated, with a special attention paid to the effect of these (NH4)xHyPO4 on both physical and chemical properties. J Hazard Mater 181:27–34. J Mol Liq 264:591–599. This study investigates the use of activated carbons after pyrolysis of waste potato peels for the removal of cobalt ions from synthetic wastewaters (composed of various Co(II) concentrations in distilled water which adjusted previously at different pH values) without any co-existing ions. Powder Technol 229:237–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.10.034, Erdem M, Orhan R, Şahin M, Aydın E (2016) Preparation and characterization of a novel activated carbon from vine shoots by ZnCl2 activation and investigation of its rifampicine removal capability. The results show that the KOH-activated ACFs have rougher surfaces and more amorphous structure compared with the blank. Activated carbon refers to a wide range of carbonised materials of high degree of porosity and high surface area. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. J Environ Chem Eng 3:1592–1601. Environ Chem Lett 16:1137–1168. Characterization techniques used for the study of surface chemistry of carbons prepared (Boehm and potentiometric titrations, BET analysis, SEM/EDAX, DTG), while the possible adsorption mechanism between carbons and Co2+ was further investigated using FTIR spectroscopy. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 214:156–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.08.039, Auta M, Hameed B (2011a) Optimized waste tea activated carbon for adsorption of Methylene Blue and Acid Blue 29 dyes using response surface methodology. The adsorption capacity suffered a reduction of < 70% in wastewater, allowing to evaluate the impact of realistic matrices on the efficiency of the materials. The average pore diameter of the activated carbons was estimated to be 1.51 and 2.91 nm for CO2 and H3PO4 activation respectively.
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