Services, Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. The most common use is as a soil fertilizer. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged or protonated substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations (NR 4), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups (indicated by R). These cations, such as the tetra-n-butylammonium cation, are sometimes used to replace sodium or potassium ions to increase the solubility of the associated anion in organic solvents. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. In fish and aquatic invertebrates, it is excreted directly into the water. The ammonium ion is generated when ammonia, a weak base, reacts with Brønsted acids (proton donors): The ammonium ion is mildly acidic, reacting with Brønsted bases to return to the uncharged ammonia molecule: Thus, treatment of concentrated solutions of ammonium salts with strong base gives ammonia. Ammonium ions are a waste product of the metabolism of animals. Thereafter, all four N–H bonds are equivalent, being polar covalent bonds. Primary, secondary, and tertiary ammonium salts serve the same function, but are less lipophilic. In the given, an ammonium, {eq}\rm NH_4^+ {/eq}, has a charge of 1+ while phosphate, {eq}\rm PO_4^{3-} {/eq}, has a 3- charge. An exception is ammonium hexachloroplatinate, the formation of which was once used as a test for ammonium. As a result an ionic bond is formed. The ammonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion with the chemical formula NH 4. [9], This article is about the molecular ion. {/eq}. Give the correct formula and chemical name for the... Name the following compounds. Ammonium sulfate (American English and international scientific usage; ammonium sulphate in British English ); (NH 4) 2 SO 4, is an inorganic salt with a number of commercial uses. To name an ionic compound, we first name the cation. The ion has a tetrahedral structure and is isoelectronic with methane and borohydride. Choose one of the following compounds: , N2O,... Naming Ionic Compounds: Simple Binary, Transition Metal & Polyatomic Ion Compounds, Naming & Writing Formulas for Binary Molecular Compounds, Monatomic Ions: Definition & Naming Convention, Writing Ionic Compound Formulas: Binary & Polyatomic Compounds, The Octet Rule and Lewis Structures of Atoms, What Is Dimensional Analysis in Chemistry? After, the name of the anion is added. It is a colourless (white) salt that is highly soluble in water, much more so than the related potassium salt. Ammonium hydrosulfide, solution is a clear, yellowish liquid. Technical grade is 40-44%. {/eq} and {eq}PO_4^{3-} Most simple ammonium salts are very soluble in water. [7][8], Under normal conditions, ammonium does not exist as a pure metal, but does as an amalgam (alloy with mercury). They are also used as phase-transfer catalysts and surfactants. - Definition, Examples & Reactions, What is a Diatomic Element? Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree, Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. The name of the ionic compound is simply ammonium phosphate. In terms of size, the ammonium cation (rionic = 175 pm) resembles the caesium cation (rionic = 183 pm). It is formed by the protonation of ammonia (NH3). If the pH is low, the equilibrium shifts to the right: more ammonia molecules are converted into ammonium ions. In order to form a neutral compound, we need three moles of ammonium for every mole of phosphate. In birds, reptiles, and terrestrial snails, metabolic ammonium is converted into uric acid, which is solid and can therefore be excreted with minimal water loss. Give the correct formula and chemical name for the ionic compound: {eq}NH_4^+ Ammonia when passed through CuSO4 (copper sulphate) solution turns from blue to deep blue colour forming Schweizer's reagent . [4], Ammonium is an important source of nitrogen for many plant species, especially those growing on hypoxic soils. Ionic compounds are formed by two ions: a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion. Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged or protonated substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations (NR+4), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups (indicated by R). Ammonium ion | NH4(+) or H4N+ | CID 223 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. Placing this ratio as subscripts of the ions, the formula is: (NH4)3PO4 ( N H 4) 3 P O 4 . Such species are prepared by the electrolysis of an ammonium solution using a mercury cathode. Property Name Property Value Reference; Molecular Weight: 44.056 g/mol: Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1: Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2: Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count: 0 It is formed by the protonation of ammonia (NH3). When ammonia is dissolved in water, a tiny amount of it converts to ammonium ions: The degree to which ammonia forms the ammonium ion depends on the pH of the solution. [6][7][8] Ammonium is expected to behave as a metal (NH+4 ions in a sea of electrons) at very high pressures, such as inside gas giant planets such as Uranus and Neptune. The hydrogen atoms in the ammonium ion can be substituted with an alkyl group or some other organic group to form a substituted ammonium ion (IUPAC nomenclature: aminium ion). In an unusual process, ammonium ions form an amalgam. Ammonium cation is found in a variety of salts such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate.
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