of calcium deposition during pregnancy. Med. Studies aimed at defining protein requirements use nitrogen(lgm. According to studies, these babies are more likely to suffer from developmental delays, poor language development, behavioural disorders and they may score lower at school. The pregnant adolescent needs an intake one-third larger, or 1,600 mg. Milk, consequently, has been considered by many to be a perfect food for the pregnant teenager. Low birth weight infants are very fragile and more prone to infections, respiratory and health problems. Two pounds represents maternal adipose tissue. Whole grains, legumes, organ meats, and pork are high in thiamine, while milk, cheese, lean meats, and leafy green vegetables contain riboflavin. Energy is derived from the dietary components of carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Storage in reticuloendothelial cells may provide up to 300 mg., but one-third of U.S. women have no storage iron.6 Of teenagers in the Ten State Nutrition Survey, many were found to be at risk for iron deficiency.4 Therefore, it is recommended that iron supplementation be routine in pregnancy. 4. Maternal Nutrition and the Course of Pregnancy. What’s so fishy about eating fish during pregnancy? Animal studies of folate deficiency have shown fetal malformation, abortion, and abruptio placentae, and correlations have also been shown in human beings by some investigators.4 Other studies have failed to replicate these findings.4 At this point, the best available data suggest an oral supplement of 200-400 mg12-/day of folie acid, at least during the latter half of pregnancy. Adolescent nutrition 2. Calcium requirements increase during the pubertal growth spurt. In the first trimester, there is generally only minimal gain, while during the second and third trimesters, 1 pound per week is expected. A woman's nutritional and overall health, before and during pregnancy, influences the health of her developing baby. Folie acid and vitamin Bj2 are linked closely with the metabolic function of protein in new-tissue synthesis. 7. Consequently, it is unphysiologic to restrict salt intake and prescribe diuretics for the pregnant woman to prevent preeclampsia. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. The review of each patient's case by all professionals concerned with her care ensures consistency in the recommendations we make to each of these teenage mothers. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Company, 1977. Scientific opinion now favors a balance among the various components; therefore, nutritional assessment and counseling should take this into account. King, J. With the exception of iron and folacin, dietary supplements are unnecessary for the pregnant adolescent who is receiving an adequate caloric intake from a variety of food sources. The best thing would be to do a pregnancy test — you can get home pregnancy test kits from drugstores. Teenagers are more likely to go into labour prematurely especially if they have a poor diet or if they were underweight prior to pregnancy. The diet of pregnant teenagers, Teenage pregnancy and parenthood: a review of reviews. So, how many calories will you need? Source: Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council.'. These calories should come from a balanced diet of protein, fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Jacobson, H. N. Diet in pregnancy. ◯ Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. (WHO discussion papers on adolescence) 1. • During the first trimester (weeks 1 – 12) your calorie needs do not change. Monitoring of energy balance is the cornerstone of nutritional support of pregnancy in adolescence. When a person's caloric intake is insufficient for her needs, protein will be used for energy rather than for structural requirements. Fruits. Diet versions of soft drinks are not healthier alternatives — they contain artificial sweeteners, some of which may harm your baby (like aspartame, saccharin and cyclamate). For those who do not have adequate diet, counseling sessions with a nutritionist skilled in working with adolescents is invaluable. Worthington, B. S., Vermeersch. First, adolescents carrying their pregnancy to term are often from economically disadvantaged populations who are more likely to be at nutritional risk before conception . Sweets and fats should be kept to a minimum. You can also use your vouchers from Healthy Start to buy fruit and vegetables. Thiamine is needed to conven the end product of glucose metabolism, pyruvate, to acetylcoenzyme A. Niacin and riboflavin are key coenzymes in the mitochondrial respiratory processes. 25 gm. North Am. As Table 1 indicates, the recommended dietary allowance for the nonpregnant adolescent is 1,200 mg./day. That could cause serious damage to your vital organs and may even lead to infertility.). Dietary studies have shown U.S. teenagers in general to be protein consumers. If you were underweight prior to pregnancy, you may need more than that. Calculating nitrogen needs from the amount needed by a nonpregnant teenage girl and adding the amount contained in maternal and fetal tissues yields a figure for daily protein intake only half as large as that found when nitrogen -bal an ce studies are done.8 It is important, therefore, to use recommended protein dietary allowances as guidelines but not as indications of what the upper limits of protein intake should be. You will need this mineral to help your baby grow strong bones, so try to consume a dairy product once or twice a day or have at least three servings of green leafy veggies daily. A balanced and nutritious diet is a cornerstone of good prenatal care and healthy nutrition becomes even more crucial if you’re a teenage mother-to-be. Your menstrual cycle may also be erratic if your body fat is too low. Fortunately, foods high in protein content are also high in minerals and B vitamins; therefore, protein intake should not be restricted. A premature baby — one born before the 37th week of gestation — is more vulnerable to respiratory diseases and infections as well as cognitive and vision problems. That could happen if you’re an athlete who trains a lot and/or if you have an eating disorder like anorexia. A number of factors act synergistically to decrease available energy during pregnancy in adolescence; these factors may account for the disproportionate number of towbirth-weight infants delivered, especially by those 15 years and under. Dairy. Most teenagers can easily meet their protein requirements from fresh chicken, turkey, beef, fish, eggs, dairy products, pulses, beans and nuts. Primary physicians in the clinic are pediatricians with training in adolescent medicine. Any fruit or 100% fruit juice counts as part of the fruit group. Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: Exploring New Evidence National Academies Press Summary of a January 2020 workshop when the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies convened to explore where new evidence has emerged relevant to nutrition during pregnancy and lactation.
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